Как было и как стало. Мыс Хрустальный.
В рамках нашей регулярной исторической рубрики «Как было и как стало» продолжим исследовать центр нашего славного города. Сегодня речь пойдет о мысе Хрустальном – неотъемлемой части центра города, на котором комфортно соседствуют Мемориал Победы и «народный» пляж.
Не правда ли, сложно узнать мыс, на котором сейчас высятся монументы и многоэтажки, грозясь перещеголять друг друга высотой? Но именно таким был мыс в эпоху Российской империи.
Мыс принято считать своего рода символическими «воротами», оберегающими вход в город с воды. Практически с любой точки мыса открывается прекрасный вид на севастопольскую Северную сторону, на Константиновский равелин и на Черное море.
В XIX столетии на месте будущего «победного мемориала» располагались купальни «Хрустальные воды». Они и подарили мысу его неизменное название (хотя также мыс и пляж одно время были известны под именем «Городской»).
Мыс мало чем прославился до начала Второй Мировой, когда здесь был расположился с командным пунктом командующий Черноморской флотилией. Мыс, с которого можно было «наблюдать» и первые атаки немецких самолетов на мирный город, и будущие эффективные оборонные действия, зажил «второй жизнью» благодаря военным победам. Не удивительно, что спустя несколько десятилетий после победы его решили «облагородить», делая упор на увековечение военной славы.
Масштабный мемориал, посвященный победе в Великой Отечественной войне, на мысе окончательно решили возводить в 1972 году. Полностью проект так и не был воплощен в жизнь, да и работы начались только спустя почти десять лет – в 1981-м.
Для начала на месте, с которого, как считается, в 1945 году был дан салют победы, установили величественный обелиск 40-метровой высоты, напоминающий гигантский парус. Проект, символизирующий «единство армии и флота», был разработан группой киевских архитекторов и скульпторов. На его воплощение в жизнь потратили 6 млн. рублей СССР.
Ключевой частью мемориала должны были стать «Солдат и матрос», над которыми начали работать в 1981 году. Этот массивный памятник – один из самых высоких на всей территории бывшего Советского Союза (до 40 метров!). Да и еще один из самых «неоднозначных». На излете советской эпохи, к 1988 году, проект под руководством Н. Жарикова, работа над которым была в самом разгаре, был признан кем-то в «верхах» «безвкусным».
Работа «замерла», и, начиная с 1990 года, периодически ходили слухи о возможном демонтаже конструкции. Многим была (и остается) не по душе «гротескность» черт лиц «матроса и солдата» при приближении, а также чрезмерная мрачность монумента.
Скульптура, однако, выстояла: ее решили все же достроить, а не сносить, в 2004 году, и 8 мая 2007-го состоялось торжественное открытие. Теперь с площади у ног «Солдата и матроса» открывается бесподобный вид на всю бухту.
Кстати, до сих пор держится в секрете название химического вещества, из которого сделаны «солдат с матросом».
Ну а теперь, после истории славного, хотя и по-прежнему неоконченного мемориала, следует поговорить и о грустном. Мало сказать, что мемориал до конца не достроен – прекрасный по задумке комплекс безнадежно искажался в 2000-х годах уродливыми высокими «новостроями», вроде отеля на месте снесенной старинной таможни и 18-этажки поодаль от «солдата с матросом».
Подобные явления служат своего рода малоприятным «барьером» между приятной прогулочной зоной у мемориала и частным сектором поодаль: «закупоренные» стройки, пустыри, на которых ошиваются непонятные личности и всегда грязно.
Увы, доходит и до такого – увы, матрос с солдатом не в силах сами поддерживать чистоту рядом со своим величественным постаментом.
Мыс Хрустальный в настоящий момент служит не пристанищем для эффектного архитектурного комплекса – к чему есть все предпосылки – но платформой, на которую «нагромождены» отдельные высотные постройки, дороги между которыми, увы, не ухожены и завалены мусором.
Далеко от совершенства и санитарное положение дел на пляже Хрустальном. Раньше люди думали, что вода здесь действительно чистая, «хрустальная» – за счет выгодного расположения пляжа, способствующего максимальному водообмену. Однако «пляж», по сути, представляет собой однородную бетонную плиту, а в воде плавают бутылки; кроме того, многие сходятся во мнении, что вода здесь издает запах нефти.
За бетонной отмосткой по окончании пляжа располагается еще небольшой «естественный» участок для купания – который, кстати, немного чище.
Итак, учитывая «сложное» прошлое и «неопределенное» настоящее мыса Хрустального, какой вывод вы, уважаемые читатели, можете сделать касательно будущего одного из бесценных уголков Севастополя? Что привлекает вас в страницах истории мыса и мемориала? С чем, по вашему, здесь следует бороться в наши дни?
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