Занесите каспийского тюленя в Красную книгу!
Каспийский тюлень (или каспийская нерпа) – единственное на Каспии морское млекопитающее, эндемик (то есть обитающий только там) и самый маленький тюлень в мире. Находится под угрозой исчезновения. Менее 100 тысяч – вот и всё что осталось.
Тем не менее, это по-прежнему промысловый вид и где-то 3-6 тыс. в год (зависит от квоты) «добываются» на совершенно законных основаниях. Около 5 тыс. погибает от разных техногенных причин, плюс браконьерство и рыбачьи снасти – ещё 1,5-2,5 тыс. Итого, из единственной в мире популяции ежегодно изымаются 9-12 тыс. особей.
Это при том, что естественное восстановление уже едва ли возможно – тут и повальные эпидемии, и сокращение количества рыбы, и деградация мест обитания, и отсутствие мер по сохранению вида, не говоря уже о восстановлении. Ситуация катастрофическая, если ничего не изменится, каспийские тюлени исчезнут в самые ближайшие годы.
Сразу скажем: мы не против нефти, экономического развития и т.п. – всё нужно, важно и, вообще, мы желаем Каспийскому региону мира и процветания. Мы лишь о том, что тюлени – символ региона. А ещё вершина морской экосистемы, интегральный показатель её состояния, сохраним тюленей – сохраним и Каспий.
И нужно-то немного на самом деле. Хотя бы прекратить промысел. Тем более что какого-то экономического значения тот давно уже не имеет. Всё дело в безработице да крайней бедности. И то и другое – главные беды каспийского побережья, этим отчаянно нужно заниматься, но истребление единственного морского млекопитающего тут вряд ли поможет. Скорее наоборот, восстановление популяции могло бы стать одним из решений: экзотические тюленьи лежбища привлекали бы туристов со всего мира, наш увалень очень дружелюбен и легко уживается с людьми.
Самый надежный способ покончить с промыслом – Красная книга. Почему там до сих пор нет нашего эндемика, что вот-вот исчезнет с лица нашей же земли – непросто объяснить! Всё перепуталось: экономика, политика и, может, ещё что-то… Впрочем, это уже не важно. Важно понимать, что судьба каспийского тюленя сейчас зависит от двух стран: России и Казахстана. Казахстан сделал первый шаг – запретил промысел, огромное им спасибо. Теперь наша очередь.
Уже очевидно, что усилиями одних лишь ученых задачу не решить. Те давно бьют тревогу – и ничего, как об стену. Необходим общественный резонанс (кое-что нам уже удалось, см. kaspika.org) и общественное же требование. Начнем с данной петиции.
Только нужно много подписей, друзья, очень много. И неважно, где и в какой стране вы живете – тут надо вместе, иначе не пробить эту стену. Там, похоже, очень крепко. А времени осталось мало. Пять, максимум десять лет – и всё. И будут говорить «вымер». Это, знаете, такой биологический эвфемизм. Очень удобный. А на самом деле, там всегда убийство, где все мы – либо виновники, либо соучастники, либо равнодушные свидетели…
Поддержать он-лайн петицию, адресованную Министерству природных ресурсов и экологии Российской Федерации, и лично министру С.Е. Донскому, Правительству Российской Федерации, и лично Председателю Правительства Д.А. Медведеву, Администрации Президента Российской Федерации, и лично президенту В.В. Путину можно здесь
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